A D Waterworks. Shop now for plumbing supplies to indoor lighting. Order Online. Website Directions More Info. Waterworks Plumbing Plumbers. Clear Waterworks. Benson Waterworks. OPEN 24 Hours. Pages One fact, susceptible of the fullest demonstration, needs to be mentioned: it is, that every person, who pays tax on real or personal estate, actually pays less money now, than he did previous to the introduction of the water; and this arises from the reduction of the rates of insurance.
The tax to defray the interest of the Croton Water Debt is 20 cents on the dollars, and the average reduction on the rates of insurance is at least 40 cents on the dollars; and it is fair to presume, that with the number of fires that take place, even with so copious and abundant supply of water to quench them, with small loss and injury, the old rates, without this supply, would of necessity have largely increased.
In illustration of the above, the Board mention the following: One of our most intelligent merchants and largest tax payers, who pays at this office water rent for near forty houses, relates the result of a calculation he made, viz. Another merchant states, that he insures on his stock 30, dollars; previous to the introduction of the water he paid 85 cents on the dollars; he now pays for the same amount of property 35 cents on the hundred dollars, a saving of dollars.
If he paid the Croton water tax on the above amount it would be 60 dollars, leaving a nett gain of 90 dollars. Page The large increase of the revenue is owing in a great degree to the abandonment of the public hydrant system. September 14, The introduction of the Croton water has had the effect of reduces the rates of insurance about 40 cents on the dollars. February 1, No copy of this has been found. The total length of pipes now laid and in use in miles.
The second line was completed on the 15th of July, and the water passed through it soon afterwards. The contractors then proceeded diligently with the covering of sand and earth, and with the turfing and flagging over all. February 12, April 2, There shall be an executive department, under the denomination of the Croton aqueduct board, which shall have charge of the Croton aqueduct, and all structures and works and property connected with the supply and distribution of water to the city of New-York, and the underground drainage of the same, and of the public sewers of said city, and the collection, of the revenues arising from the sale of the water, with such other powers and duties as shall or may be prescribed by law.
The chief officers thereof shall be called the president, enginneer and assistant commissioner, who together shall form the Croton aqueduct board, and hold their offices for five years. The common council of said city may by ordinance establish a scale of annual rents for the supply of the Croton water to be called the "regular rents," and apportioned to different classes of buildings in said city in reference to their dimensions, values exposure to fires, ordinary uses for dwellings, stores, shops, private stables and other common purposes, number of families or occupants or consumption of water, as near as may be practicable and modify, alter and amend and increase such scale from time to time, and extend it to other descriptions of buildings and establishments.
Such regular rents when so established, shall be collected from the owners or occupants of all such buildings respectively, which shall be situated upon lots adjoining any street or avenue in said city in which the distributing water pipes are or may be laid, and from which they can be supplied with water. Said "regular rents" shall become a charge and lien upon such houses and lots respectively as herein provided. Hotels, factories, stables, livery stables and other buildings, and establishments which consume extra quantities of water, may in addition to the regular rents be charged with additional rents to be called the "extra rents.
The regular annual rents which are not paid at the Croton aqueduct department before the first day of August in each year, shall be subject to an additional charge of five per cent. Page The necessity for a more rigid police, and more stringent rules regulating the use of water, will be apparent, when it is stated that very nearly the whole volume of the Croton river has been delivered in the city during many weeks of the past summer, amounting to at least sixty imperial gallons [72 wine gallons] each twenty-four hours, for every inhabitant; a supply three times greater than any legitimate use of it, would demand.
It is true that the quantity may be increased at will, by the construction of new reservoirs, but before incurring this expense, economy requires that an effort be made to compel the observance of existing ordinances regulating its use.
This will not b« an impossible duty, if the power of this Board be not, as now , rendered nugatory, by the too willing action of individual members of the Common Council, and other city officers, in granting permission to keep open street hydrants for the use of favored persons and neighborhoods. The operation of the new law in relation to "water rents," which goes into effect on the first day of May next, and through which every improved lot will be charged, whether the house be supplied with water or not, renders it more than ever necessary that the whole subject be left within the control of this Department, inasmuch as it is expected that thereafter much will be claimed as a right , which has hitherto been received as a favor.
In the proper administration of the water police, the comfort, as well as the interests of all are directly involved. It is estimated that the premiums paid for fire insurance to companies and agencies in the city, amount to about three millions of dollars annually.. The Sun of that city says, this measure, if successful, will carry with it the Croton water free to every inhabitant of the city. The premiums to be thus received by the Croton Aqueduct Department, will be sufficient not only to pay the interest on the Croton water debt, but eventually to pay the principal.
At present the water rents do not pay one-half this interest. Page Under these direct and sufficiently onerous responsibilities, this Board now warns the Common Council, and through it every citizen, that the last drop of water which the works in their present state can supply is now daily delivered in the city , — a supply more than equal to any, and all the legitimate wants of a population of a million and a half!
Pages It was assumed by the Commissioners that twenty-two gallons per day for each inhabitant would be a liberal allowance, at which rate a city, containing a population of two and a half millions, might be supplied by an aqueduct of the proposed dimensions.
An experience of ten years enables us to contrast these preliminary calculations with actual results, and thus to see, with great certainty, the requirements of the future. During the summer months, for two years past, the whole flow of the Croton river has been turned through the aqueduct, and in , "for many consecutive weeks, not a drop of water passed over the dam, and the lake formed by it was gradually drawn down two feet seven and a half inches.
To claim that such quantity of water is necessary for any useful purpose is simply preposterous; but assuming that no reduction in the rate is to happen, it may be well to see how long before that daily supply will begin to be diminished by want of capacity in the aqueduct itself.
Pages No satisfactory estimate of the consumption of water at some of the manufactories and leading hotels, can be made without the intervention of a water meter. Of these, the best hitherto offered to the Department, is the invention of Samuel Huse, of Boston, ten of which are now in use in the city. To withstand the pressure, they must be made very strong, and to register accurately require to be adjusted with great precision and nicety of workmanship.
They are consequently too expensive ever to come into general use for ordinary dwellings. Some of those now in operation here, costing four hundred and fifty dollars each, and ranging down to the smallest, at thirty-five dollars, exclusive of the cost of fixtures, and setting them. The expenditures for meters during the year amounts to three thousand six hundred and and fifty dollars and fourteen cents, all of which, and more, will be returned to the treasury within the first year, by the increased charges against the establishments to which they have been affixed.
Such being the result, the Department considers it a duty to extend their application till all the most important consumers are brought under this satisfactory test, and to that end have inserted a moderate sum in their estimates for next year. Meters are now in operation at the following places, and show the average daily consumption of water as set forth.
Pages New York - Is supplied with water from the Croton river, across which a dam forty feet in height is constructed, forming the Croton Lake, covering an area of four hundred acres, and containing, at the depth of six feet, an available supply of ,, gallons of water.
From thence the water is carried, by means of a brick aqueduct, except at the crossings of the Harlaem river bridge, and the Manhattan valley, where inverted siphons of the respective dips of twelve and one hundred and five feet are used , about thirty-eight miles in length, and having a total fall of forty-four feet, to the receiving reservoir, which covers thirty-seven acres of ground, and has a capacity of one hundred and fifty millions of gallons.
From this reservoir the water is conducted through iron pipes to the distributing reservoir, from whence it is distributed in the usual manner. This reservoir is built of stone, covers an area of four acres, and contains 21,, gallons, when full to the top water line.
These works are capable of supplying thirty millions of gallons per day, have cost between thirteen and fourteen millions of dollars, and supply water to more than half a million of people. An enlargement of the works is now in contemplation, by which the quantity of water delivered daily will be materially increased.
Page Water Meters. As stated in the last annual report, these instruments have increased in favor, and the consumer who could not be convinced of the quantity of water used in his establishment has now a certain and impartial umpire to determine the difference in estimates between him and the Department; and though the result in almost every case is against the consumer, yet the decision of this small, but costly apparatus, is very generally acquiesced in.
The only instrument yet in use is that of Mr. Samuel Huse, of Boston, and is believed by the Department to be accurate; and, as far as can be ascertained by the action of a working model, deposited in the office for some months, known to be so.
The only objection to their far more extensive use is the expense of the apparatus, and some loss in the head of water to those who require its use, at high elevations; and, it is to be hoped, that the ingenuity of some practical inventor may yet overcome these difficulties, and render their adoption more extensive.
The difference in rate, made by the instruments now in use, demonstrates that they are, notwithstanding the cost, the most valuable article for this purpose yet introduced to their notice. That the difference between the former estimated amount, and the quantity fixed by actual measurement, may be understood by the reader, a few cases are subjoined, giving the amounts paid for the six months previous to, and the six months after, the attachment of the meter.
On Friday night last, John J. Morrow, private watchman, discovered two stores in Warren street damaged considerably by the Croton water overflowing the basins. The water will not rise to the upper floors in day time, but at night it will, and by leaving the faucets open the basins became overflowed.
In this way four stores have been overflowed in the last month. Page January 30, Alfred Duvall testimony. Visited New York in June last; found no water in any of the public fountains, showing the supply from the Croton was exhausted; believes the Croton works are represented to furnish 35,, of imperial gallons a day, equal to rather more than 42,, wine gallons, as imperial gallons are equal to Motive engine requiring no water. For filling cisterns of private houses in cities, a gas burner produces sufficient heat for actuaing the engine.
March, Examining Croton water through a microscope. Everybody complains of the musty, sickish small and taste it has acquired since the first of August.
The Croton Aqueduct Department have it in serious contemplation, we understand, to introduce hydrometers into the houses of their customers, to put a stop to the enormous waste of water that is now going on.
Treadwell and others vs. Myndert Van Shaick and others , 30 Barb. The board has a right to make every such arrangement, respecting an extra supply of water, a matter of agreement, subject to such terms and conditions as it shall deem necessary to impose. The proper construction of the 27th section of the act of , establishing the board, is that the legislature intended the water should not be furnished to those who would not pay for it; and that the power should exist, in the board, to withhold the supply, if the terms on which the supply was furnished were not complied with.
The board therefore has power to cut off the supply of water, for non-payment of the water-rate; whether it be the regular rents, apportioned by the size, character and use of the building, or the extra rents chargeable, in addition to the regular rents, upon buildings which consume an extra quantity of water.
Page St. Nicholas Hotel. The protracted suit which was commenced in the latter part of , by an injunction procured by the proprietors of this immense establishment, to prevent the water being shut off for non-payment, for their extraordinary consumption, was this month argued in the Supreme Court, on appeal from the decision of the Court below, and again decided in favor of the city.
The arguments of the Court established the principles contained in the sections of the law of , which relate to this matter, and assign the reasons on the strength of which they were drawn.
They constitute a perfect justification of the proceedings of the Board, in relation to the application to buildings, of wa termeters, and of the price which was charged for the water, according to ordinance. It has charge of the Croton aqueduct, reservoirs, works and property connected with the supply and distribution of water in the city; of the construction, repair and cleaning of the sewers; of paving, repaving and repairing streets; or digging and constructing wells and the collection of revenue arising from the sale of Croton water.
These duties comprehend great public interests, and affect the health and comfort of the citizen to an incalculable extent, and yet the Mayor is clothed with no power to supervise, much less direct them. The Croton Board, constituted by a President, a Commissioner and an Engineer, compose a managing triumvirate, who are in no way amenable to any chief executive.
Though those officers in the first instance derive their authority by appointment from the Mayor and Board of Aldermen, yet the tenure of office being for five years, without any provision for removal, however great the necessity, they are totally independent of the creative power. The large sums expended by this Board and the subordinates appointed by it are matters over which the Mayor has no control.
It is conducted comparatively upon the same close corporation principles the Almshouse Department. Many of its present duties having been conferred upon it by the charter of , it is impossible to give a fair statement of the amount of the appropriations for it during the past ten years, nor is it possible to say with what economy it is now being administered. Underground vaults and water supply to Sing-Sing prison.
Craven and Tappen, of the Croton Aqueduct Department. October 6, Also here The only reasonable method of preventing waste, is to charge each house with the water that goes into that house, and the only possible method of ascertaining this quantity is to measure it , or rather, let it measure itself, like gas, by passing through a meter.
April 17, May 18th on Fifth avenue, not far from where the great break occurred in December of last year. May 23d in Worth street, near Church. Also here. Shows receiving reservoirs in Central Park and Murray Hill distributing reservoir.
At present cabinets and bath-tubs on the third floor all over town, and those on the second floor in some parts of the city, are not only useless, but worse than useless, as with the present deficient supply of water they cannot be kept sweet and clean, even when not used.
In some situations the water flows into them for an hour or two soon after midnight, filling the reservoir of the water-closets - but this is an inadequate supply for an entire day's use. But it is to be feared that of the vast quantities of water consumed daily in this City, a very large proportion is wasted. In how many houses is the Croton constantly left running, because it is too much trouble, or too treat an effort of memory to turn it off?
The Commissioners of the Croton Department say that about one-fourth of all the water consumed in this City runs to waste, and perhaps the estimate is not an exaggerated one.
The present consumption of water in New York averages sixty millions of gallons per day, or sixty gallons for each inhabitant. This supply, after deducting the quantity necessary for extinguishing fires, for washing and other purposes, would appear to be liberal, though not equal, if we may believe history, to that provided for the citizens of Imperial Rome, who were at liberty to use something like one hundred gallons per day each. Our supply, however, is larger, in proportion to the number of inhabitants, than that of the British Metropolis, and also of some of the principal cities of the Old World.
At the same time our water surpasses theirs in purity, a gallon containing but a trifle over four grains of solid matter. It will scarcely perhaps be believed that New Yorkers, before the introduction of the croton were compelled to drink water containing from 20 to grains of impurities per gallon.
Yet such was the fact. Chamdler, Ph. Dangers of lead cisterns and pipes. April 15, April 26, The commissioner of public works is hereby authorized in his discretion to cause water meters of approved pattern and suitable for the purpose, to be designated by said commissioner, to be placed in all stores, workshops, hotels, manufactories, public edifices, at wharves, ferry-houses, stables, and in all the places in which water is furnished for business consumption by the department of public works, so that all water so furnished therein or thereat may be measured and known by the said department, and for the purpose of ascertaining the ratable proportion which consumers of water should pay for the water therein or thereat received and used.
Thereafter, as shall be determined by the Commissioner of public works, the said department shall make out all bills and charges for water furnished by them to each and every consumer as aforesaid, to whose consumption a meter as aforesaid is affixed, in ratable proportion to the water consumed, as ascertained by the meter on his or her premises or places occupied or used as aforesaid.
All expenses of meters, their connections and setting, water rates, and other lawful charges for the supply of Croton water shall be a lien upon the premises where water is supplied as now provided by law. Nothing herein contained shall be construed so as to remit or prevent the due collection of arrearages or charges for water consumption heretofore incurred, nor interfere with the proper liens therefor, nor of charges, or rates, or liens hereafter to be incurred for water consumption, in any dwelling-house, building or place which may not contain one of the meters aforesaid.
Dearborn, a paper read before the Society May 4, Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers The Water Supply. July 12, You are hereby notified that within the city limits no connection will be allowed with the Croton water pipes of any water ram, Hansom pump, or any other machine or machinery, by which the Croton water is to be used as a motive power, without first having a permit from me to make such connection.
You are also notified not to place tanks anywhere, into which the Croton water will run by its head, or be pumped or forced into by machinery driven by Croton water, with an overflow pipe, without a permit as above noted. William W. Tweed, Commissioner of Public Works. Raised to the upper floors without waste and without cost. Continental Windmill Co. These pumps are allowed to be used by the Croton Board. The Department of Public Works, City of New York, will on and after the 20th of August next, be prepared to examine and test the capacity and accuracy of any water meter that may be presented to it for that purpose.
William M. There are at present in use upwards of two hundred water-meters of the Worthington patent, which is now substantially the same as when first patented some ten years ago. The establishment and application of means to ascertain correctly the quantities of water consumed is a subject of great importance to the city, as thereby the revenue from water-rents would be greatly increased, and any excessive use of Croton water would readily be detected and prevented.
Under the direction of my predecessor in office some forty different inventions and patents in water-meters were examined and tested. Tweed, Commissioner of Public Works : Sir — I have, under your instructions, erected suitable fixtures for testing water-meters, and examined and tried forty-eight In the examination, the qualities sought for were accuracy of measurement, strength, and durability, with simplicity, cheapness of construction, and which afford but little impediment to the flow of water.
A great amount of mechanical capacity and skill has been shown in the construction of the meters presented for trial, many of them being beautiful specimens of works of art, and fulfilling most of the requirements. The meter presented for trial by Mr. De Navarro, called the vibrating single-piston meter, is a very compact machine, simple in its construction and easily repaired or adjusted.
It takes but a small force to run it, measures the water with great accuracy, and, in my opinion, answers the requirements more nearly than any other meter presented for trial. Respectfully yours, EDW. On the 23d of August, , the Department entered into contract with J. Of this number 4, have been delivered, one estimate on account of the contract being in the Comptroller's office awaiting payment.
On another estimate, now in this office, the approval of this Department has been withheld, in order that the legality of said contract could be ascertained and determined. Jose F. Navarro, Appellant, against George M. Pages As stated in the last annual report, this Department refused to approve the bills for, or receive meters furnished by J. Navarro under a contract made previous to my administration, whereupon Mr.
Navarro, the Supreme Court in General Term reversed this decision, and issued a writ of peremptory mandamus, commanding me, as Commissioner of Public Works, to draw a requisition upon the Comptroller for the full amount claimed, with interest.
Upon the opinion and advice of the Counsel to the Corporation, no further resistance could be made by this Department, but the Finance Department is now contesting the validity of the claim, in a suit brought by Mr. Navarro against the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty. June 28, This avoids wasting water for the purpose of driving the pump, as is often the case with hydraulic motors.
There is great danger of a water famine in New York. Unless there is rain, the supply will be exhausted within 10 days. The Graphic advises the authorities to cut the water off peremptorily from all factories, refineries, breweries, livery stables and concerns which use much water for the ordinary transaction of business. Hotels and mercantile houses should be put on short allowance till the rains come.
Ships and steamboats should be sent to Brooklyn and Jersey City for their water. John P. Treadwell, of lawful age, being duly sworn, says: I reside in New Milford, Connecticut. I was a proprietor of the St. Nicholas Hotel, New York, from to When I opened that house, in , I supposed that our own arrangements for supplying the hotel with water were most complete.
But as we had to supply the building above the second story by Steam Pumps, I soon found that while we could elevate the water, we were creating a great disturbance with our guests by using the Pumps in the night, as we were obliged to, in order to furnish a sufficient supply.
There was a continual "thump," which extended along the whole line of the building, on the south side, for six hundred feet in length. In order to remedy this evil, I tried other Pumps then in use, but had no better success, until finally I had to order the Pumps shut off at nine o'clock at night, and take the risk of a supply until the morning.
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